Application of a tungsten apron for occupational radiation exposure in nursing care of children with neuroblastoma during 131I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine therapy.

The use of effective shielding materials against radiation is important among medical staff in nuclear medicine. Hence, the current study investigated the shielding effects of a commercially available tungsten apron using gamma ray measuring instruments. Further, the occupational radiation exposure of nurses during 131I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (131I-MIBG) therapy for children with high-risk neuroblastoma was evaluated. Attachable tungsten shields in commercial tungsten aprons were set on a surface-ray source with 131I, which emit gamma rays. The mean shielding rate value was 0.1 ± 0.006 for 131I. The shielding effects of tungsten and lead aprons were evaluated using a scintillation detector. The shielding effect rates of lead and tungsten aprons against 131I was 6.3% ± 0.3% and 42.1% ± 0.2% at 50 cm; 6.1% ± 0.5% and 43.3% ± 0.3% at 1 m; and 6.4% ± 0.9% and 42.6% ± 0.6% at 2 m, respectively. Next, we assessed the occupational radiation exposure during 131I-MIBG therapy (administration dose: 666 MBq/kg, median age: 4 years). The total occupational radiation exposure dose per patient care per 131I-MIBG therapy session among nurses was 0.12 ± 0.07 mSv. The average daily radiation exposure dose per patient care among nurses was 0.03 ± 0.03 mSv. Tungsten aprons had efficient shielding effects against gamma rays and would be beneficial to reduce radiation exposures per patient care per 131I-MIBG therapy session.

Development and Application of One Separation-Free Safety Tube on the Disposable Infusion Needle.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new type infusion set and apply it to the clinic, as well as explore its effectiveness in the prevention from needle stick injuries. METHODS: A total of 200 inpatients who were in need of intravenous infusion with a disposable infusion needle were included and randomly divided into two groups: intervention group and control group. Disposable infusion needles with a separation-free safety tube were used in the intervention group, whereas conventional ones were used in the control group. Then, effects of the two types of infusion sets were observed and compared. RESULTS: As for the operation time for infusion, it was (82.19 ± 1.80) seconds in the intervention group and (83.02 ± 1.83) seconds in the control group, with the difference statistically significant (P < 0.05). Besides, the exposure time of the needles after infusion in the intervention group was (3.36 ± 0.17) seconds while (18.85 ± 1.18) seconds in the control group; the difference between which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of the time for needle disposal, (18.60 ± 0.84) seconds was required in the intervention group, while for the control group, it took (18.85 ± 1.18) seconds, and the difference between two groups was of statistical significance as well (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference in the accidental slip rate of the needles as that turned out 0% in both groups (P > 0.05). It was worth noting that the block rate of the disposed needles in the intervention group was 100%. CONCLUSION: The separation-free safety tube on the disposable infusion needle could instantly block the sharp needle after infusion, which reduces the needle exposure time and lowers the risk of needle stick injuries. In the meantime, the safety tube is convenient to use, and its application can shorten the time for infusion and needle disposal, consequently improving the working efficiency of nurses. As the new type safety tube has above advantages and would not raise the risk of needle slippage, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Effect of a Patient-Repositioning Device in an Intensive Care Unit On Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Occurences and Cost: A Before-After Study.

PURPOSE: The principal aim of this study was to determine the hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) rate before and after introduction of a repositioning device, measure staff-perceived level of exertion with device use, and assess return on investment. DESIGN: 1 group, before-and-after study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The sample comprised 717 patients cared for in a 17-bed intensive care unit. The study setting was the neonatal intensive care unit at Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center located in the mid-Atlantic United States (Portsmouth, Virginia). METHODS: A safe patient-handling intervention was implemented as part of a quality improvement initiative. The effect of this system was measured using several outcome measures: (1) HAPI occurrences on the sacral area and buttocks, (2) perceived effort of use by staff, and (3) cost analysis. We used the validated Borg Scale to measure perceived exertion that was ranked on a scale from 6 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater exertion. Cost comparisons were completed before and after introduction of the patient-repositioning system. Cost analysis was determined using internal dollar amounts calculated for each stage of pressure injury. The return on investment was calculated by comparing the cost of HAPIs and the product after the intervention with the costs of HAPIs before the intervention. RESULTS: Analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in HAPI occurrence from 1.3% to 0% (P = .004) when baseline manual repositioning (standard of care) was compared with use of the repositioning system. Caregivers reported significantly less exertion when using the repositioning device as compared with standard of care repositioning (P < .001). The return on investment was estimated to be $16,911. CONCLUSION: Use of a repositioning device resulted in significantly reduced HAPIs. Perceived exertion for repositioning the patient with a repositioning device was significantly less than repositioning with standard of care. A cost analysis estimated a return on investment as a result of the intervention on HAPI prevention.

Causes and factors influencing nurses entering vocational rehabilitation in Germany ­ results of the pilot study Reha-Biograf / Gründe und Einflussfaktoren für den Eintritt in die berufliche Rehabilitation von Pflegefachpersonen in Deutschland ­ Ergebnisse der Pilotstudie Reha-Biograf.

Background: Professional caregivers are exposed to high work related burdens. In Germany the rates of early retirement are higher than in other professions, with vocational rehabilitation as a scheme to counteract that. But so far there is no evidence on how professional caregivers get into vocational rehabilitation and what factors influence this process. Aims: To determine sick nurses' perceptions of their ways into vocational rehabilitation, to construct new hypotheses on trajectories, and to investigate possibilities of intervention and prevention. Method: Data collection: Problem centred/episodic interviews with 21 nurses on long-term sick leave. Data analysis: Qualitative content analysis. Results: In all interviews staff cuts, increasing workloads, and high physical demands have been crucial issues. Consequences are a lack of recovery phases and work under increasing time pressure. These problems are intensified by habitual aspects (perception of care as selfless service). A three-phase trajectory model has been developed, consisting of the phases of exposition, crisis, and conversion. Furthermore three types of trajectories could be described. Conclusions: Further research can build on a first code system to describe the ways of nurses into vocational rehabilitation.

Evaluation and treatment of the acutely injured worker.

The primary care NP has a significant opportunity to meet the special healthcare needs of the occupational community. While NPs routinely diagnose and treat workers, writing return-to-work restrictions can pose a challenge.

Sharps injuries amongst healthcare workers: review of incidence, transmissions and costs.

BACKGROUND: Sharps injuries and the related risk of infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent one of the major occupational health risks for healthcare workers (HCWs). LITERATURE REVIEW: An overview of available data on the incidence of sharps injuries and the related HBV, HCV and HIV infections and ensuing costs is provided. RESULTS: Literature reported incidence rates of sharps injuries ranging from 1.4 to 9.5 per 100 HCWs, resulting in a weighted mean of 3.7/100 HCWs per year. Sharps injuries were associated with infective disease transmissions from patients to HCWs resulting in 0.42 HBV infections, 0.05-1.30 HCV infections and 0.04-0.32 HIV infections per 100 sharps injuries per year. The related societal costs had a mean of €272, amounting to a mean of €1,966 if the source patient was HIV positive with HBV and HCV co-infections. CONCLUSION: Sharps injuries remain a frequent threat amongst HCWs. The follow-up and treatment of sharps injuries and the deriving consequences represent a significant cost factor.

A pilot study of occupational injury and illness experienced by classical musicians.

Limited attention is paid to the hazards experienced by orchestra musicians in the occupational health and safety literature. Within that literature, the primary focus has been on noise exposure. A focus on this area is warranted because high sound pressure levels are a product of this work environment. However, in addition to being at risk for noise-induced hearing loss, workers are also at risk for musculoskeletal injury and illness related to stressful body postures held for prolonged work periods. The socio-political forces of employment may place workers at risk for mental health disorders (e.g., depression). The researchers distributed an anonymous survey to classical orchestra musicians in the southwestern United States. The survey inventoried several areas related to occupational health risks. Results suggest low health care-seeking behaviors relative to self-reported signs and symptoms of morbidity. Musicians also reported limited formal training and education regarding occupational health risks. Risk information was provided late in their professional development. This is a particular concern because of the young age at which music training is initiated.

El análisis de la accidentalidad laboral en función de la hora de trabajo orienta la aplicación de medidas preventivas / Analysis of accidents at work according to the time and the application of preventive measures

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el tipo de accidente y la hora de trabajo, así como las medidas preventivas más apropiadas. Métodos: Se ha aplicado el Análisis Factorial de Correspondencias a los 13.485 accidentes de trabajo con baja notificados al Instituto Navarro de Salud Laboral en el año 1999. Resultados: Los sobreesfuerzos se asocian al comienzo de la jornada laboral, mientras que las lesiones relacionadas con la capacidad de atención aumentan con el tiempo en el trabajo. Conclusiones: Se proponen dos medidas preventivas que serían eficaces para disminuir la accidentalidad laboral (la realización de ejercicios de precalentamiento muscular al comienzo del turno de trabajo y la inclusión de pausas programadas en el ciclo de actividad productiva) con el fin de evitar accidentes por manipulación imputables a fatiga (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between kind of accident and hour at work, as well as suitable preventive measures. Methods: Correspondence Factorial Analysis has been applied to 13,485 disabling occupational injuries reported to the Instituto Navarro de Salud Laboral in 1999. Results: over-exertions are associated with early working hours, while low attention injuries increase during the working day. Conclusions: Two preventive measures are proposed: warm up exercises at the beginning of the shift and planned breaks during production activity, in order to avoid handling accidents due to weariness (AU)

El papel de las pruebas científicas en la prevención de riesgos laborales / No disponible

No disponible

Cuestionario Barcelona, ¿un instrumento útil para el calibrado de síntomas en aplicadores por DDD? / No disponible

No disponible